Subsurface voids pose significant concerns to geotechnical stability. Accurately mapping these voids is crucial for ensuring the soundness of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole logging, can be laborious and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophysical techniques, including ground electrical resistivity
Geotechnical exploration strategies are vital for characterizing cavities and voids within the subsurface. These voids can significantly influence the stability of foundations, infrastructure, and landforms. A variety of ground-based exploration methods are employed to locate cavities and voids. These include boreholes, geophysical techniques such
Geophysical exploration utilizes a crucial role in the identification and evaluation of potential mineral orebodies. By employing various physical methods, geologists can survey beneath the Earth's surface to identify subsurface structures and anomalies indicative of mineral presence. These geophysical techniques often involve the observation of p